Lucania parva

• Lucania parva (Girard) — The Rainwater Killifish Dr. R. J. Goldstein 127

• Lucania parva, In Quest of R. P. Keller 177

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• Cyprinodon variegatus, immature specimen resembling a mature female, x3 One 50-gallon and six 10-gallon stainless steel aquaria were used . All inside seams were coated with "Liquiglass" (Rila Products) to prevent "cement poisoning." The salt marsh water in each aquarium was filtered through an outside filter containing glass wool and activated carbon. Each aquarium also contained a heater and undergravel filter. The undergravel filter makes use of bacteria in the sand for breaking down wastes by passing the water through the bottom sand and then returning it to the aquarium at the top. If the wastes and bacterial population become excessive, a condition known as exophthalmus or protruding eye may occur. The water initially was amber colored with a pH of 7.4. A specific gravity test indicated that it was about 5 0 % sea water. The water and salt marsh fishes were collected at the Manahawkin , N.J. impoundments. A two-man "Common Sense" minnow net and a single-man bottom net were used to collect fish . Fishes netted and identified were silversides, Menidia sp.; four-spined stickleback, Apeltes quadracus (Mitchill); rain water fish, L u c a n i a parva (Baird & Girard); mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus (Linnaeus); and sheepshead min- now, Cyprinodon variegatus Lacépède. Selected specimens were brought back to the laboratory in 5-gallon water containers. The fish were brought back in small numbers since the high temperatures of late summer made survival of overcrowded fishes impossible. Oxygen is about one-fifth less soluble in sea water than in fresh water (Welch , 1952) and less soluble as the temperature increases . Couple this with the increased metabolic rate, which requires more oxygen, along with temperature-proportional excretion of wastes and the damage to fishes transported in the summer can be rapid. Fortunately, F. heteroclitus and C. variegatus have the physiological ability to withstand tempera- tures that are very high even for tropical species; i.e., C. variegatus of New Jersey can tolerate a temperature of 103 F (39 C) (Westman and Compton, 1960). In contrast, a small pail with less than a gallon of water and filled with crushed ice carried over 40 F. heteroclitus for

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